Tuesday, April 9, 2013

අද අපි මම පෙඩිඩක් හෙයලා බැලුවා සුපිරි බයිසිකලයක් ගැන Suzuki GSF400 Bandit model history

1989 මේක (Bandit 250 and Bandit 400) ගෙනාවේ (GSX-R250 and GSX-R400 ) බයික් වලට මොකද මෙවා සුපිරි බයික් නිසා සමානය ජනතාවට බවිතා කරන්න තමයි මෙවා ගෙනාවේ

The Bandit 250 and Bandit 400, launched in 1989, had a liquid-cooled inline-four engines, mounted on trellis (steel) frame. The high-reving engines are derived from the GSX-R250 and GSX-R400 with lots of power for their sizes, the Bandit 250 had about 45 bhp, the 400cc version about 59 bhp. Both models had 4 to 1 exhaust systems and disc brakes (the 400 had double disc at the front, the 250 had single disc).

Both versions were soon available even with top fairing (sold with the addition ”Limited” on the model name) and later even with an optional variable exhaust timing (addition ”V”), otherwise the model has remained, on the whole, unchanged.

The initial model of the Bandit 400 is quite easy to recognize from its dark brown colored front forks. The same type of front forks appeared again in 1992 but then the brake discs had different design.

Colors available: Black, Red.
Presented in Japan: June 1989.

GSF 400 Bandit 1989
Overall Length: 2 055 mm (80.9 in)
Overall Width: 705 mm (27.8 in)
Overall Height: 1 060 mm (41.7 in)
Wheelbase: 1 430 mm (56.3 in)
Dry Weight: 168 kg (370 lbs)
Engine type: Air/oil-cooled 399 cc inline-4, DOHC, 16 valves. 59 hp/ 12.000 rpm, 3,9 kg-m/ 10.500 rpm.

Click on the image for larger format.

1990 Suzuki year code: L

The 1990 year's Bandit 400 had silver-coated front forks. A Limited version with top fairing, Blue/Silver color scheme, Blue frame, Black wheels and the engine had polished aluminum clutch and alternator covers.

Colors available: Black, Silver/Blue (Limited).
Presented in Japan: November 1989 (Limited), July 1990 (standard).

GSF 400 Bandit Limited 1990
Overall Length: 2 055 mm (80.9 in)
Overall Width: 705 mm (27.8 in)
Overall Height: 1 060 mm (41.7 in)
Wheelbase: 1 430 mm (56.3 in)
Dry Weight: 172 kg (378 lbs)
Engine type: Air and oil-cooled 399 cc inline-4, DOHC, 16 valves. 59 hp/ 12.000 rpm, 3,9 kg-m/ 10.500 rpm.

Click on the image for larger format.

1991 Suzuki year code: M

In 1991 the Bandit 400 models came with an optional variable exhaust valve timing to boost midrange. You can tell these models by the red cam cover, Black wheels and the letter V in the model name.

The Bandit 400 Limited had Silver-coated frame and Red/Black color scheme, The ”standard” V model (available in Red with silver frame and Black wit Black frame) had Red brake discs at the front.

According to Roy Bacon's book of Suzuki the GSF400 Bandit was introduced for 1991, supossedly to the UK market. The picture showed a model with single front brake disc (similar to the GSF250 Bandit) and Black coated exhaust system. Was this a (restricted learner version?) Brittish economy model, I don't know.

In Germany the GSF400 Bandit had better brakes at the front and the exhaust system was Chromed, as in Japan. But the rear mirrors were round. Power restricted to 50 hp.

Presented in Japan: February 1991 (standard), June 1991 (V), August 1991 (Limited V).

GSF 400 Bandit Limited V 1991
Overall Length: 2 055 mm (80.9 in)
Overall Width: 705 mm (27.8 in)
Overall Height: 1 060 mm (41.7 in)
Wheelbase: 1 430 mm (56.3 in)
Dry Weight: 176 kg (387 lbs)
Engine type: Air and oil-cooled 398 cc inline-4, DOHC, 16 valves. 59 hp / 12.000 rpm, 3,9 kg-m/ 10.500 rpm.

Click on the image for larger format.

GSF 400 Bandit V 1991
Overall Length: 2 055 mm (80.9 in)
Overall Width: 705 mm (27.8 in)
Overall Height: 1 060 mm (41.7 in)
Wheelbase: 1 430 mm (56.3 in)
Dry Weight: 172 kg (378 lbs)
Engine type: Air and oil-cooled 398 cc inline-4, DOHC, 16 valves. 59 hp / 12.000 rpm, 3,9 kg-m/ 10.500 rpm.

Click on the image for larger format.

GSF 400 Bandit 1991 (UK version)
Overall Length: 2 055 mm (80.9 in)
Overall Width: 705 mm (27.8 in)
Overall Height: 1 060 mm (41.7 in)
Wheelbase: 1 430 mm (56.3 in)
Dry Weight: 168 kg (370 lbs)
Engine type: Air/oil-cooled 399 cc inline-4, DOHC, 16 valves.

Click on the image for larger format.
Here's even larger picture.

GSF 400 Bandit 1991 (German version)
Overall Length: 2 055 mm (80.9 in)
Overall Width: 705 mm (27.8 in)
Overall Height: 1 060 mm (41.7 in)
Wheelbase: 1 430 mm (56.3 in)
Dry Weight: 168 kg (370 lbs)
Engine type: Air/oil-cooled 399 cc inline-4, DOHC, 16 valves. 50 hp (37 kW)/ 10.600 rpm, 38 Nm/ 9.600 rpm.

Click on the image for larger format.

Several models and years are still missing from this page. I will put more pictures and stuff here when I find suitable material. Please send me material (JPEGs, facts, specs, brochure scans etc.) if you can!

1995 Suzuki year code: S

GSF 400 Bandit 1995
Overall Length: 2 050 mm (80.7 in)
Overall Width: 720 mm (28.3 in)
Overall Height: 1 055 mm (41.5 in)
Wheelbase: 1 410 mm (55.5 in)
Dry Weight: 167 kg (367 lbs)
Engine type: Air and oil-cooled 398 cc inline-4, DOHC, 16 valves. 53 hp/ 11.000 rpm, 3,8 kg-m/ 9.500 rpm.

No larger picture available.

GSF 400 V Bandit 1995
Overall Length: 2 050 mm (80.7 in)
Overall Width: 720 mm (28.3 in)
Overall Height: 1 055 mm (41.5 in)
Wheelbase: 1 410 mm (55.5 in)
Dry Weight: 167 kg (367 lbs)
Engine type: Air and oil-cooled 398 cc inline-4, DOHC, 16 valves. 53 hp/ 11.000 rpm, 3,8 kg-m/ 9.500 rpm.

Click on the image for larger format.

1997 Suzuki year code: V

GSF 400 V Bandit 1997
Overall Length: 2 050 mm (80.7 in)
Overall Width: 720 mm (28.3 in)
Overall Height: 1 060 mm (41.7 in)
Wheelbase: 1 410 mm (55.5 in)
Dry Weight: 168 kg (370 lbs)
Engine type: Air and oil-cooled 398 cc inline-4, DOHC, 16 valves. 53 hp/ 11.000 rpm, 3,8 kg-m/ 9.500 rpm.
Click on the image for larger format.

GSF 400 VZ Bandit 1997
Overall Length: 2 050 mm (80.7 in)
Overall Width: 720 mm (28.3 in)
Overall Height: 1 115 mm (43.9 in)
Wheelbase: 1 410 mm (55.5 in)
Dry Weight: 168 kg (370 lbs)
Engine type: Air and oil-cooled 398 cc inline-4, DOHC, 16 valves. 53 hp/ 11.000 rpm, 3,8 kg-m/ 9.500 rpm.

Click on the image for larger format.

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

ENGINE TYPE

අපි වහන වලට එන Engine ගැන දැනගමු

Cylinder Engines

The four stroke otto engine uses just one of the four strokes to perform work. This causes various problems: The engine runs jerkily, and this can only be prevented by a large flywheel, which needs a lot of space and weights pretty much in addition.
This obstacle began to be mastered soon: On one hand with a two stroke engine, which will be discussed in the following section, and on the other hand with the combination of several cylinders in multiple-cylinder engines. In these engines, not just every forth stroke work is performed, but - depending on the number of cylinders - more equally. In the following four stroke engine, every half revolution of the crankshaft one of the cylinders has its working stroke.
The engine types are usually used in the following order, depending on the number of cylinders: I-4, V-6, V-8, V-10, V-12, W-16.
First of all lets get a understanding of the different types of engine layouts commonly found in cars today. As Engines can come in an array of different designs, including Straight/Inline, V Type, Boxer, Rotary Wankel and even Diesel:

Flat
Flat engines are called flat because that is exactly what they are. The cylinders lie flat. Half of the cylinders are located on one side of the crank shaft and the other half on the other side. The advantage to having your cylinders horizontal is that the engine can be placed lower in the car. This makes the car more stable because of a lower center of gravity. Being lower in the also has a space advantage. The engine bay is far less crowded. They are found in porshes and subaru's. The are also known as boxer engines. Usually Flat-4 or Flat-6.

Inline

Inline engines have cylinders on top of the crank shaft. They stand inline at a vertical 90 degrees. Inline engines run smooth and can provide a lot of power. The engines, though, are longer then any other type. In cars today, most inline engines have small cylinders so length is not an issue. Above all, Honda's and many imports of today are known for their inline 4's today. Usually I-4 or I-6 for cars. Some marine engines have been made that use the I-Engine type with up to 14 cylinders.

V-Type

V-8's and V-6's engine types exist today in many American cars and trucks. The cylinders are located on oppsite sides of the crank shaft and are elevated up a varying amount of degrees depending on the manufacturer. The V-type engine is known for using a pushrod valve system. Usually V-6, V-8, V-10, and V-12.

W-Type

-Type engines are found in few cars. For example there is one in the Bugatti 16/4 Veyron, which has a quad-turbo W-16, and there was a limited number of Volkswagen Passat produced from 1998-2005 with a 4.0L W-8. The Bugatti 16/4 Veyron's "16/4" is there for the simple fact of representing its engine. W-engine types work well for a large number of cylinders because everything becomes more compact and shorter. Though, they are more compact, the disadvantage is that they are hard to fix and more expensive to repair. Not many models made though the engines produce go up in multiples of four. The Bugatti Veyron engine is pictured below.

Horex motorcycle engine with cylinders in W configuration

Wankel

Wankel engines are also know as rotary engines. Wankel engines are completey different from any other type of automotive engines. It does not have pistons. Rather a single triangular rotor spins around a peanut shaped chamber. The triangular rotor is a special type of triangle also known as a Reuleaux triangle. This triangle has an equal diameter relative to the center at all times. The shape it is based off of an equilateral triangle. The reason this type of triangle is necessary is to ensure a seal during the triangles rotation at the center of the housing. There is a single straight shaft through the center of one of these engines that serves the purpose of a crankshaft in an otto cycle engine, otto cycle is the 4-stroke cycle in a regular pistion engine. Wankel engines are found in Mazda RX-7's and RX-8's. Pictured below is a rotary engine.

Straight/ Inline Engines

In-line engines have the cylinders arranged, one after the other, in a straight line. Almost all four cylinder engines are A straight/Inline engine is considerably easier to build than an otherwise equivalent Boxer or V type engines because the cylinder bank and crankshaft can be milled from a single metal casting and it requires fewer cylinder heads and camshafts.

This ultimately means lower production and maintenance costs. Also due to their smaller and more lightweight construction, this is the preferred Engine design for FF cars (Front Wheel Drive). The design can be extremely fuel efficient compared to V type, Boxer and Rotary engine designs.

There are some five and six cylinder Straight/ Inline design engines, which are mainly found in European cars from the likes of Audi and BMW for example.

Reasonable performance can be achieved with performance levels in the 0'9 Ford Focus RS around 300 BHP. This is mostly due to Turbo Charging and boost pressure used, but it is common for a 2.0 Litre 16 Value inline 4 to produce 200 BHP plus.

The engines are not generally thought to be as smooth as the V type and Boxer engine designs and the structure has it's limitations in terms of durability and strength. Inline engines can sometimes be a little rough in lower revs, but work well for smaller cars and do respond well to Tuning.

V Type Engines

The V-type of engine has two rows of cylinders set normally at a ninety degree angle to each other. Advantages include it's short length, great rigidity of the block, its heavy crankshaft, and attractive low profile. This is a tried and tested engine design with huge performance potential.

In sports applications, having the engine as low to the floor as possible increases the car's handling characteristics, as it will naturally have a lower centre of gravity. Also having a strong engine with built in rigidity can mean the difference in endurance races, making the V type engine design an ideal choice for Motorsport applications.

With this type of engine it is possible to have a very high compression ratios, without block distortion under load.

This makes it a strong and robust design for high performance applications and is used in F1 for instance. Also with it's resistance to torsional vibration, the engine characteristics produce a smooth and refined engine.

Another attribute for this compact engine design is a shorter car length without losing passenger room. In 1914, Cadillac was the first company in the United States to use a V-8 engine in its cars. From there America has fallen in love with the V type engine and the 50's and 60's produced some of the best Muscle cars.

Boxer/ Flat Engines

In 1896, Karl Benz invented the first internal combustion engine with it's horizontally opposed pistons. This Boxer/Flat engine is an design with multiple pistons that all move in the horizontal plane. The most popular and significant layout has cylinders arranged in two banks on either side of a single crankshaft, generally known as "boxers". This is because the two pistons join together in the middle of TDC ( Top Dead Centre).

This is similar to two boxers touching gloves at the beginning of a bout and is the origins of the name appointed to the engine design.

Flat engines have a lower center of gravity than any other common configuration, so vehicles using them should benefit from better stability and control during cornering. But they are also wider than more traditional configurations and the extra width causes problems fitting the engine into the engine bay of a front-engined car. Subaru have been producing AWD front engined cars for some time now, so where there's a will they is a way.

Boxer engines are one of only three cylinder layouts that have a natural dynamic balance; the others being the Straight/Inline 6 cylinder and the V12 design. This makes for a smooth and harmonious engine at idle.

Boxer/Flat engines tend to be nosier then other designs due to the lack of airboxes and other components in the engine bay. They have a engine characteristic of smoothness throughout the rev range and when combined with a mounting position immediately ahead of the rear axle, offer a low center of gravity and largely neutral handling characteristics.

Wankel/ Rotary Engines

The Rotary Wankel engine was an early type of internal-combustion engine in which the crankshaft remained stationary and the entire cylinder block rotated around it.

The Rotary/ Wankel engine has no pistons, it uses rotors instead. This engine is small, compact and has a curved, oblong inner shape. Its central rotor turns in one direction only, but it produces all four OTTO strokes (intake, compression, power and exhaust) effectively.

The only production car to still have a Rotary/ Wankel engine design in production today is the Masda RX-8 and previous RX-7 models.

The Rotary/ Wankel engine is limited by its inherent restriction on breathing capacity due to the need for the fuel/air mixture to be aspirated through the hollow crankshaft and crankcase, which directly affected its volumetric efficiency, also low torque levels are a known problem and the engine has design limitations. Turbocharging this engine is one of the easiest ways around these deficiencies and was seen in the RX-7.

The rotational forces of the mass of the Rotary/ Wankel engine's weight produce a powerful gyroscopic flywheel effect. This smooths out the power delivery and reduces vibration. Vibration had been such a serious problem on conventional piston engines that heavy flywheels had to be added to the overall engine design to help counteract the effects.

The cylinders themselves functioned as a flywheel, Rotary engines gained a substantial power-to-weight ratio advantage over more conventional engines. Another advantage was improved cooling, as the rotating cylinder block created its own fast-moving airflow, even at standstill.

Dispensing with separate cylinders, pistons, valves and crankshaft, the rotary engine applies power directly to the transmission. It's construction allows it to provide the power of a conventional engine that is twice its size and weight and that has twice as many parts.

The Rotary/ Wankel burns as much as 20% more fuel than the conventional engine and is potentially a higher polluter, but its small size allows the addition of emission-control parts more conveniently than does the piston engine.

The basic unit of the rotary engine is a large combustion chamber in the form of a pinched oval. Within this chamber all four functions of a piston take place simultaneously in the three pockets that are formed between the rotor and the chamber wall. Just as the addition of cylinders increases the horsepower of a piston-powered engine, so the addition of combustion chambers increases the power of a rotary engine. Larger cars may eventually use rotaries with three or four rotors.

Mazda have had numerous success with this design, especially with the RX-7 and RX-8 models. By adding a turbocharger as discussed previously, the torque deficiencies are some what over come and also engine power greatly increased. This combined with the lower weight made a effective and competitive performance package.

Diesel Engines

The Diesel engine was first invented by Rudolf Diesel, of German ethnicity born in Paris. Although quite similar in design to petrol internal combustion engines, Diesel engines use compression to ignite the compressed fuel to air mixture prior to injecting it into the combustion chamber, with out the need for spark plugs.

Advantages over Petrol Engines:

45% efficiency in converting fuel into mechanical energy compared to Petrol at 30%.
Engine life expectancy is twice as long compared to petrol engines, due to the stronger internal design to cope with higher pressures under combustion.
No need for HT leads, spark plugs and coils, meaning greater reliability especially in damp environments.
Diesel engines are immune to vapour lock and the fuel is not explosive like petrol.
No proportionate decrease in fuel efficiency compared to petrol engines, at higher engine loads.
Produce less heat in cooling and exhaust.
Produce less carbon monoxide and can be used in underground applications.
Can accept turbo/supercharging with out risk of detonation, unlike petrol engines at higher pressure levels.
Higher torque lower in the rev range.
Diesel fuel is denser then petrol and contains roughly 15% more energy.

Disadvantages over Petrol Engines:

Lower power to weight ratio then petrol engines, due to the increased internal component strength.
Lower power and rev band range compared to petrol engines, although turbo/ super charging has helped to combat this in the last decade.
Normally noisier and rougher in operation compared to petrol counter parts, although diesels are almost on par with technological advancements.
More expensive to purchase and run compared to petrol alternatives, due to increase in stronger components and more regular service schedules.

මේන්න ලොකයේ හෙදම බයිසිකල් 05 ක්

Honda CBR 600 RR (2003)

Posted by admin on December 19th, 2011

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The Honda CBR600RR 2003 ,like it?Please Share it!

2012 Honda CBR600RR Motorcycle

Posted by admin on December 14th, 2011

The 2012 Honda CBR600RR melds a light and compact chassis with impeccable power delivery to create a balanced combination that remains a favorite among sport riders. In racing, no other 600cc machine has won more AMA and World Supersport championships than Honda’s CBR600. Also available with Honda’s unique Combined ABS for the pinnacle of sportbike braking performance, the CBR600RR continues to lead the way in the middleweight class.
Talk about a blast to ride: Honda’s awesome CBR600RR strikes a perfect balance between performance and handling in a middleweight package. The 2012 Honda CBR600RR offers state-of-the-art technology in a package most riders find just about perfect. And to make a legendary bike even better, you can opt for one with Honda’s revolutionary Combined Anti-Lock Braking System (C-ABS), the first ever on a production supersport motorcycle.

2011 Honda CBR600RR Review

Posted by admin on December 2nd, 2011

Honda CBR For 2011, the Honda CBR600RR remains the same as 2010, but with new red/black and black paint schemes. The machine is also available with Honda’s Combined ABS, but only in Black. This C-ABS is a true “brake-by-wire” design, which means that they are electronically controlled. Unlike conventional ABS, where the feel at the lever is soft due to hydraulic pressure, the C-ABS offers a more responsive brake-lever feel. The CBR 600RR has won more AMA championships than any other manufacturer, and for 2011 Honda releases a machine that offers a great balance of power and handling.

Honda Fairings CBR 600RR Review

Posted by admin on November 18th, 2011

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The 2009 CBR600RR, and like new Fireblade, the big news on the 600 is ABS. the Honda’s new 600RR will be available with electronically controlled anti-lock brakes as an option. Honda’s C-ABS not only prevents wheel lockups under very hard braking, but also modulates brake force between the front and rear wheels, and is probably a big advance in safety for sportsbike riders.Honda CBR 600RR Review

Monday, April 1, 2013

ලොකයේ තිබෙන හොදම කාර් 10 ය
World's Most Expensive Cars:
1. Bugatti Veyron Super Sports $2,400,000. This is by far the most expensive street legal production car available on the market today (the base Veyron costs $1,700,000). Capable of reaching 0-60 mph in 2.5 seconds, the Veyron is the fastest street legal car when tested again on July 10, 2010 with the 2010 Super Sport Version reaching a top speed of 267 mph (430 km/h). When competing against a Bugatti Veyron, you better be prepared!

Bugatti Veyron: Most Expensive Car in The World

There is a tie for #2!
2. Aston Martin One-77 $1,850,000. The name "One-77" says it all: beauty and power in One, limited to 77 units. With 750 hp, it is able to go from 0 to 60 mph in 3.4 seconds with a maximum speed of 220 mph (354 km/h).

2. Pagani Zonda Cinque Roadster $1,850,000. One of the most exotic cars out there is also one of the most expensive. It can go from 0-60 mph in 3.4 seconds with a top speed of 217 mph (349 km/h).

We have another tie for 3rd place:
3. Lamborghini Reventon $1,600,000. The most powerful and the most expensive Lamborghini ever built takes third place on the list. It reaches 60 mph in 3.3 seconds from 0, to go with a top speed of 211 mph (339 km/h). Its rare (limited to 20) and slick design are reasons why it is expensive and costly to own.

3. Koenigsegg Agera R $1,600,000. The Agera R goes from 0-60 mph in 2.8 seconds, reaching a maximum speed of 260 mph (418 km/h). It is capable of reaching 270 mph, but this supercar is electronically limited to 235 mph (378 km/h). You will need to sign a waiver, only then does the company unlock the speed limiter.

4. Maybach Landaulet $1,380,000. The Landaulet is the most expensive sedan on the market and it can go from 0-60 mph in 5.2 seconds. It is one the most luxurious cars ever made, this comes with a convertible roof that fully opens at the rear. This Maybach is made especially for CEOs and Executives who have their own personal driver.

5. Zenvo ST1 $1,225,000. Able to reach 60 mph in 2.9 seconds and a top speed of 233 mph (375 km/h). The Zenvo ST1 is from a new Danish supercar company that will compete to be the best in speed and style. The ST1 is limited to 15 units and the company even promised "flying doctors" to keep your car running.

6. Hennessey Venom GT Spyder $1,100,000. What makes the 2013 Hennessey Venom GT Spyder is its price tag, a compelling 1.1 million dollars. There is no other convertible in the world today that can match-up with this car. Not to mention that it goes from 0-60 mph in 2.5 seconds.

7. McLaren F1 $970,000. In 1994, the McLaren F1 was the fastest and most expensive car. Even though it was built more than 15 years ago, it still has an unbelievable top speed of 240 mph (386 km/h) and reaching 60 mph in 3.2 seconds. Even today, the McLaren F1 is still top on the list and outperforms other supercars.

8. Ferrari Enzo $670,000. The most popular supercar ever built. The Enzo has a top speed of 217 mph (349 km/h) and able to go from 0 to 60 mph in 3.4 seconds. Only 400 were produced and it is currently being sold for over $1,000,000 at auctions.

9. Pagani Zonda C12 F $667,321. Produced by a small independent company in Italy, the Pagani Zonda C12 F is the 8th most expensive car in the world. It promises to deliver a top speed of 215 mph (346 km/h) and go from 0-60 mph in 3.5 seconds.

Pagani Zonda C12 F: 2nd Most Expensive Car in the World

10. SSC Ultimate Aero $654,400. Don't let the price tag fool you, this American made car is actually the 3rd fastest street legal car in the world with a top speed of 257 mph (413 km/h) and reaching 0-60 mph in 2.7 seconds. It costs less than half as much as the Bugatti Veyron, yet has enough power to compete against the most expensive car. It is estimated that only 25 of this exact model will be produced.

SSC Ultimate Aero 3rd most expensive car in the world